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Preheat the oven to 400°F. Set a 9-inch or 10-inch cast iron skillet in the oven.
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Place blueberries in a medium saucepan on the stovetop with 1 tablespoon of sugar and 1 teaspoon lemon juice. Cook over medium heat and simmer for 7-8 minutes until the blueberries have burst and the mixture has thickened a bit. Turn off the heat. Remove 1⁄4 cup of the blueberry mixture and set aside for topping the cooked dutch baby later. Keep the rest of the blueberry mixture in the pot.
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While the blueberries cook, prepare the batter. Melt 2 tablespoons of the butter in a small bowl in the microwave or small pot. In a blender, combine the melted butter, 2 tablespoons of remaining sugar, flour, whole milk, eggs, vanilla, salt and lemon zest.
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Blend for 20 seconds or until smooth. Scrape down the sides and blend again for 10 seconds.
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Remove the cast iron skillet from the oven (be sure to leave oven mitts on each end so you don’t accidentally burn yourself). Add the remaining 2 tablespoons butter to the pan and swirl around with a spoon until it melts.
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Pour the blended batter into the pan. Top with dollops of the cooked blueberry mixture from the pot and use a knife to briefly swirl everything together.
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Set the pan back in the oven (at 400°F) and bake for 18-22 minutes until the dutch baby is puffed up and golden around the edges.
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Allow to cool for 3-5 minutes before slicing and serving. Top with the reserved 1⁄4 cup cooked blueberries, confectioners sugar and maple syrup!